Mohali:- Cold temperatures, dense fog, and rising smog levels significantly weaken respiratory health, especially during the winter season. These environmental conditions substantially increase the risk of lung-related diseases, particularly among children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
Pulmonology Consultant at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Dr. Mannan Bedi, stated that during winters, cases of bronchitis, pneumonia, sudden asthma exacerbations, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rise rapidly. Cold air can irritate the airways, leading to increased shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. Pollutants from fog and smog, being close to the ground, further aggravate breathing difficulties, making it challenging for sensitive individuals to breathe comfortably.
Dr. Bedi explained that during this period, we are observing a significant increase in viral and bacterial chest infections, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Exposure to smog is also linked to the worsening of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and persistent cough, which, if ignored, can become life-threatening in lung conditions. People with asthma and COPD are especially at risk during foggy days.
Dr. Mannan Bedi said that another commonly observed condition related to winter is severe exacerbation of lung diseases, where patients experience sudden worsening of symptoms such as shortness of breath, increased sputum production, and decreased oxygen levels.
Prolonged exposure to air pollution during fog can lead to reduced lung function and even long-term damage to the lungs.
If symptoms such as prolonged coughing, difficulty breathing, wheezing sounds, chest discomfort, or frequent infections persist during the winter months, we recommend seeking medical help. Preventive measures—including avoiding outdoor activities, wearing protective masks, staying warm, and continuing prescribed inhalers or medications during heavy fog—can help reduce health risks.
 Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and preventive care are essential for protecting lung health during conditions of cold, fog, and smog. Awareness and prompt medical consultation can help prevent complications and ensure better respiratory health throughout the season.